Angina pectoris definition: Pathophysiology/FAQs/ Treatment full guide

 ANGINA PECTORIS
(Ischemic Heart Disease)

Angina pectoris is a term used for chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles.

It is a symptom of Coronary Artery Disease and is typically described as squeezing pressure, heaviness, tightness, and pain in the chest. It is temporarily substernal chest pain due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply.

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Types Of Angina Pectoris:

There are three types of angina pectoris.

1: Stable Angina Pectoris

2: Unstable Angina Pectoris

3: Variant Angina Pectoris 

Stable Angina Pectoris:

Pain occurs when the heart works harder during physical exercise. Pain is relieved by rest or medication. The most common cause of stable angina pectoris is coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis which has blocked 75% of the coronary arteries.

Unstable Angina Pectoris:

It is also known as ‘CRESCENDO ANGINA PECTORIS’. The pain of unstable angina pectoris occurs during a period of rest while sleeping and suddenly. Unstable angina pectoris can occur without physical exercise and is not relieved by rest and medicine. Its main risk factors are high blood pressure, cholesterol, tobacco use, etc.

Variant Angina pectoris:

The pain of variant angina occurs at rest during the night and early morning hours.

It is a rare type of angina caused by spasm in a coronary artery. The spasm causes the wall of the coronary artery to tighten. The leading cause is abnormal narrowing or relaxing of blood vessels which reduces blood flow to the heart.

Etiology:

⇨Hypertension

⇨Coronary Artery Disease

⇨Lack of Oxygen

⇨Exercise

⇨Stress

⇨Arotic Sterosis-Increase Cardiac Output

Pathophysiology:

Atherosclerosis, Atrial Spasmetric, Narrowing Coronary

                             ⇓

Insufficient Blood Flow

                              ⇓

Myocardial Oxygen Demand

                               ⇓

Metabolism With Lactic Acid Accumulate

                                ⇓

Myocardial Nerve Fibre Irritated

                                  ⇓

Pain Messege Transmit to Cardiac Nerve

                                 ⇓

“Observe Angina Pectoris”

Sign & Symptom:

⇨Weakness 

⇨Cramping

⇨Sweating

⇨Shortness of Breathing

⇨Heart Burn

⇨Indigestion

⇨Anxiety

⇨Fatigue

⇨Nausea and Vomiting

Diagnosis:

⇨ECG(Electrocardiogram)

⇨Chest X-ray

⇨Blood Test

⇨Coronary Angiography

SOAP(Subjective Objective Assessment Plan) of Angina Pectoris:

Subjective:

⇨Personal Detail

⇨Name of Patient with Age

⇨Sex

⇨Height&Wieght

⇨Chief Complaints

⇨Family History

⇨Passed Medical History

⇨Social History

⇨Present Medical History

⇨Allergy

Objective:

Angina Pectoris relieves the symptoms, shows the progress of the disease, and reduces the possibility of future events, especially myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension, and premature death.

Assessment:

An electrocardiogram a stress test, blood test, chest x-ray, chest CT, cardiac MRI, coronary angiography, and other tests with imaging may be performed.

Plan:

Angioplastic with staining improves blood flow in the heart, reducing or eliminating angina.

Angioplastic with staining may be a treatment option for those with unstable angina or if lifestyle and medication are in proper form.

Treatment:

Aspirin

Calcium Channel Blocker

Bita Blocker

Statins- Statins are used to lower the blood cholesterol level

FAQs of Angina Pectoris:

What is Angina Pectoris?

Angina pectoris is a term used to describe chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. It is a symptom of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and is characterized by sensations of squeezing pressure, heaviness, tightness, and pain in the chest.

What causes Angina Pectoris?

Angina pectoris is primarily caused by an imbalance between the demand for oxygen by the heart and the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles. The common causes include coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis (blockage of coronary arteries), hypertension, lack of oxygen, exercise, stress, and aortic stenosis (increased cardiac output).

What are the common symptoms of Angina Pectoris?

Common symptoms include weakness, cramping, sweating, shortness of breath, heartburn, indigestion, anxiety, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

How to diagnose Angina Pectoris?

Angina pectoris can be diagnosed through various tests, including: Electrocardiogram (ECG) Chest X-ray Blood tests Coronary angiography

What is the SOAP (Subjective Objective Assessment Plan) for Angina Pectoris?

Subjective: This includes personal details, patient name and age, sex, height, weight, chief complaints, family history, past medical history, social history, present medical history, and allergies. Objective: Objective assessment involves evaluating the symptoms, monitoring disease progression, and assessing the risk of future events.

How can I reduce the risk of Angina Pectoris?

To reduce the risk of angina pectoris, it's essential to manage risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet can be beneficial.

Can Angina Pectoris be cured completely?

While there is no complete cure for Angina Pectoris, it can often be managed effectively through lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures. The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms, improve blood flow, and prevent complications.